Kryptoměny, or cryptocurrencies, are digital or virtual currencies that utilize cryptography for security. They operate on decentralized networks based on blockchain technology, which is a distributed ledger maintained by a network of computers (nodes). This decentralization ensures that no single entity, such as a government or financial institution, has control over the currency, making transactions potentially more secure and private.
Cryptocurrencies enable peer-to-peer transactions without the need for intermediaries, allowing users to send and receive funds directly. The first and most well-known cryptocurrency is Bitcoin, created in 2009, but thousands of alternative cryptocurrencies (often called altcoins) have been developed since then, each with its own features and use cases.
Transactions with cryptocurrencies are recorded on the blockchain, where they are grouped into blocks and then linked together in chronological order. This transparency contributes to the integrity of the system, as altering any block would require a revision of all subsequent blocks, making it extremely difficult to manipulate.
Cryptocurrencies can be used for various purposes, including online purchases, investment, remittances, and as a means of transferring value across borders. The market for cryptocurrencies is highly volatile, and while they offer significant potential for innovation in finance and technology, they also pose risks and regulatory challenges.