Kryptoměny, or cryptocurrencies, are digital or virtual currencies that use cryptography for security. They are decentralized and typically operate on blockchain technology, which is a distributed ledger enforced by a network of computers (nodes). This decentralization means that cryptocurrencies are not controlled by any central authority, such as a government or financial institution.
The most well-known cryptocurrency is Bitcoin, which was created in 2009. Cryptocurrencies allow for peer-to-peer transactions without the need for intermediaries, and they can be used as a medium of exchange, a store of value, or for investment purposes. The security features, such as cryptographic algorithms and consensus mechanisms, help ensure the integrity and authenticity of transactions while also making it challenging to counterfeit or double-spend.
Beyond Bitcoin, there are thousands of other cryptocurrencies, commonly referred to as altcoins. Some popular examples include Ethereum, Ripple (XRP), and Litecoin. Each cryptocurrency can serve different purposes or functionalities, often supporting smart contracts, decentralized applications, or specific community goals.
Kryptoměny have gained significant attention and popularity due to their potential for high returns, but they are also known for their volatility and regulatory scrutiny in many countries.